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Due to this flaw an attacker could create a non-existent property or able to manipulate the property which leads to Denial of Service or potentially Remote code execution.\n\n### PoC\nThe export function accepts three arguments `obj, keys, val`. Due to the absence of validation, at values passed into `keys, val` arguments, an attacker can supply a malicious value by adjusting the `keys` value to include the `__proto__` property. Since there is no validation before assigning property to check whether the assigned `keys` is the Object's own property or not, the property `isAdmin` will be directly be assigned to the empty obj({}) thereby polluting the Object prototype. Later in the code, if there is a check to validate `isAdmin` the valued would be substituted as \"true\" as it had been polluted.\n\n```js\nconst dset = require('dset');\nvar obj = {}\nconsole.log(\"Before : \" + obj.isAdmin);\ndset(obj, '__proto__.polluted', true);\nconsole.log(\"After : \" + obj.polluted);\n```\n","origin":"UNSPECIFIED","severity":"CRITICAL","published_at":"2022-05-24T17:37:26.000Z","withdrawn_at":null,"classification":"GENERAL","cvss_score":9.8,"cvss_vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","references":["https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28277","https://github.com/lukeed/dset/blob/50a6ead172d1466a96035eff00f8eb465ccd050a/src/index.js#L6","https://github.com/lukeed/dset/issues/11","https://github.com/lukeed/dset/commit/2b9ec49e231107b1a83b04a1bc1a66a8d14cea1c","https://web.archive.org/web/20210104204657/https://www.whitesourcesoftware.com/vulnerability-database/CVE-2020-28277","https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-q4xc-7cw8-cgfj"],"source_kind":"github","identifiers":["GHSA-q4xc-7cw8-cgfj","CVE-2020-28277"],"repository_url":"https://github.com/lukeed/dset","blast_radius":0.0,"created_at":"2024-02-01T22:07:33.004Z","updated_at":"2026-10-22T15:11:57.466Z","epss_percentage":0.03071,"epss_percentile":0.87537,"api_url":"https://advisories.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/advisories/GSA_kwCzR0hTQS1xNHhjLTdjdzgtY2dmas4AAnA8","html_url":"https://advisories.ecosyste.ms/advisories/GSA_kwCzR0hTQS1xNHhjLTdjdzgtY2dmas4AAnA8","packages":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package_name":"dset","versions":[{"first_patched_version":"2.0.1","vulnerable_version_range":"\u003e= 1.0.0, \u003c 2.0.1"}],"purl":"pkg:npm/dset"}],"related_packages_url":"https://advisories.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/advisories/GSA_kwCzR0hTQS1xNHhjLTdjdzgtY2dmas4AAnA8/related_packages","related_advisories":[]},{"uuid":"GSA_kwCzR0hTQS0yM3d4LWNneHEtdnB3eM3X4Q","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-23wx-cgxq-vpwx","title":"Prototype Pollution in dset","description":"All versions of `dset` prior to 3.1.2 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via `dset/merge` mode, as the `dset` function checks for prototype pollution by validating if the top-level path contains `__proto__`, `constructor` or `prototype`. By crafting a malicious object, it is possible to bypass this check and achieve prototype pollution.","origin":"UNSPECIFIED","severity":"MODERATE","published_at":"2022-05-03T00:00:45.000Z","withdrawn_at":null,"classification":"GENERAL","cvss_score":6.5,"cvss_vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L","references":["https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25645","https://github.com/lukeed/dset/blob/master/src/merge.js%23L9","https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARSNPM-2431974","https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-DSET-2330881","https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-23wx-cgxq-vpwx"],"source_kind":"github","identifiers":["GHSA-23wx-cgxq-vpwx","CVE-2022-25645"],"repository_url":"https://github.com/lukeed/dset","blast_radius":1.0,"created_at":"2022-12-21T16:12:26.341Z","updated_at":"2026-10-26T22:14:34.364Z","epss_percentage":0.0184,"epss_percentile":0.78559,"api_url":"https://advisories.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/advisories/GSA_kwCzR0hTQS0yM3d4LWNneHEtdnB3eM3X4Q","html_url":"https://advisories.ecosyste.ms/advisories/GSA_kwCzR0hTQS0yM3d4LWNneHEtdnB3eM3X4Q","packages":[{"ecosystem":"maven","package_name":"org.webjars.npm:dset","versions":[{"first_patched_version":"3.1.2","vulnerable_version_range":"\u003c 3.1.2"}],"purl":null},{"ecosystem":"npm","package_name":"dset","versions":[{"first_patched_version":"3.1.2","vulnerable_version_range":"\u003c 3.1.2"}],"purl":"pkg:npm/dset"}],"related_packages_url":"https://advisories.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/advisories/GSA_kwCzR0hTQS0yM3d4LWNneHEtdnB3eM3X4Q/related_packages","related_advisories":[]}],"docker_usage_url":"https://docker.ecosyste.ms/usage/npm/dset","docker_dependents_count":440,"docker_downloads_count":546890519,"usage_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/usage/npm/dset","dependent_repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/usage/npm/dset/dependencies","status":null,"funding_links":["https://github.com/sponsors/lukeed"],"critical":null,"issue_metadata":{"last_synced_at":"2026-10-24T15:03:38.802Z","issues_count":24,"pull_requests_count":25,"avg_time_to_close_issue":5621693.235294118,"avg_time_to_close_pull_request":1679252.5,"issues_closed_count":17,"pull_requests_closed_count":22,"pull_request_authors_count":17,"issue_authors_count":21,"avg_comments_per_issue":1.375,"avg_comments_per_pull_request":1.16,"merged_pull_requests_count":12,"bot_issues_count":0,"bot_pull_requests_count":4,"past_year_issues_count":0,"past_year_pull_requests_count":3,"past_year_avg_time_to_close_issue":null,"past_year_avg_time_to_close_pull_request":2216476.0,"past_year_issues_closed_count":0,"past_year_pull_requests_closed_count":1,"past_year_pull_request_authors_count":3,"past_year_issue_authors_count":0,"past_year_avg_comments_per_issue":null,"past_year_avg_comments_per_pull_request":0.3333333333333333,"past_year_bot_issues_count":0,"past_year_bot_pull_requests_count":0,"past_year_merged_pull_requests_count":0,"issues_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/lukeed%2Fdset/issues","maintainers":[{"login":"lukeed","count":2,"url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/authors/lukeed"}],"active_maintainers":[]},"versions_url":"https://packages.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/registries/npmjs.org/packages/dset/versions","version_numbers_url":"https://packages.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/registries/npmjs.org/packages/dset/version_numbers","latest_version_url":"https://packages.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/registries/npmjs.org/packages/dset/latest_version","dependent_packages_url":"https://packages.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/registries/npmjs.org/packages/dset/dependent_packages","related_packages_url":"https://packages.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/registries/npmjs.org/packages/dset/related_packages","codemeta_url":"https://packages.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/registries/npmjs.org/packages/dset/codemeta","maintainers":[{"uuid":"lukeed","login":"lukeed","name":null,"email":"luke@lukeed.com","url":null,"packages_count":358,"html_url":"https://www.npmjs.com/~lukeed","role":null,"created_at":"2022-11-12T02:39:58.682Z","updated_at":"2022-11-12T02:39:58.682Z","packages_url":"https://packages.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/registries/npmjs.org/maintainers/lukeed/packages"}]}